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No Model.) I 2 ShetsSheet 1. J. BREUCHAUD. CONSTRUCTION OF SUPPORTS FORWALLS, Gas.

No. 563,130. Patented June 30, 1896.

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J. BREUOHAUD. CONSTRUCTION OF SUPPORTS FOR WALLS, 650.

No. 563,130. Patented June 30, 1896 I fl/mw/far. I efialwlreucZ/alml.

7 gyy UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

I JULES BREUOHAUD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CONSTRUCTION OF SUPPORTS FOR WALLS, 8 c.

SPECIFICATION forming partof Letters Patent No. 563,130, dated June 30,1896.

Application filed April 29, 1896. Serial No. 589,583. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, J ULES BREUCHAUD, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented new and useful Improvements in Construction of Supportsfor lValls, &c., of which the following is a specification.

The chief object of the present invention is to improve the system ofunderpinning a heavy structure, such as a building wall, for repairingthe building, or constructing or erecting a subbase or foundation underthe wall of a building wherever the foundation of a proposed newbuilding is designed to extend below the foundation of the old oralready-erected building.

The invention also has for its object to provide a new and improvedsystem of constructin g a subfoundation or support for the wall of abuilding or other heavy structure when the foundation or ground by whichit is sustained is removed, whereby the underpinning can be effected atone side of a building-wall or other structure without interfering withthe opposite side or with the interior of the building, which cantherefore be occupied or used while the foundation or support for aproposed new building is being constructed or erected.

The invention also has for its object to provide new and improved meanswhereby a deep excavation for a new foundation can be practicably andsafely made beside the wall of a building or other heavy structurealready erected without endangering the safety of the the latter orinterfering with or obstructing the interior of the same, and withoutthe employment of ordinary braces or supports, which usually obstructthe work in hand. and materially interfere with or absolutely preventthe occupancy or use of the old or already-erected building or otherstructure.

The invention also has for its object to facilitate the construction ofthe foundation for a building, to enable the foundation to be moreeconomically constructed or erected than heretofore, and to render itpossible to safely erect a building with a foundation extending,comparatively, to a great depth below the surface adjoining a buildinghaving a comparatively shallow foundation while the latter is occupiedor used for business or other purposes.

The invention consists, primarily, in the method of constructing asubbase or foundation for the wall of a building or other structure byarranging hydraulic or other jacks in engagement with the base of theold wall and successively driving pipe, tube, or cylinder sectionsperpendicularly into the earth until the columns thus formed reachbed-rock or other firm substrata, then removing the jacks and filling inpressure-resisting connections between the upper ends of the columns andthe base of the wall.

The invention also consists in the combination, with the wall of abuilding or other structure, of suitable beams inserted into the wall,hydraulic or other jacks or devices acting against the beams, andcolumns arranged in line with the jacks and acted upon by the latter, sothat while the wall offers a resistance to jacks or other devices thelatter drive the columns perpendicularly into the earth until they reachbed-rock or other firm substrata.

The invention also consists in the combi nation, with the wall of abuilding or other heavy structure, of suitable beams inserted into thelower portion of the wall, perpendicular columns driven into the earthuntil they reach bed-rock or other firm substrata, suitable beamsarranged upon the upper ends of the columns, and masonry or othersuitable pressure-resisting medium inserted between the upper and lowerbeams, whereby the Wall is sustained by the columns, and it is possibleto excavate below the former foundation of the wall for the erection ofan adjoining new building or other structure.-

The invention also consists in other features, which are hereinafterfully described in detail, and specifically pointed out in the claims,reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 isa detail side elevation illustra tive of the manner in which myinvention is carried into effect. Fig. 2 is a detail eleva tion showinga modification in the construction of the pressure resistin gconnections or mediums between the upper ends of the col umns and thewall. Fig. 3 is a similar view.

showing another modification of the pressure resisting connections.

describe the same in detail, referring to the drawings, wherein- Thenumeral 1 indicates the wall of a building or other heavy structure,which is to be underpinned or provided with a subbase or sistance whichenables the jack to drive the subfoundation according to my invention.This wall may be the wall of any building already erected and adjoiningor next to which it is designed to erect a comparatively high or tallbuilding or structure, the foundation of which it is necessary to extendto a greater or less depth below the original foundation orsupporting-base of the wall of the old or already-erected building orstructure.

In the erection of a comparatively heavy or high building or otherstructure adjoining an old or already-erected building or structure, itmay be necessary to excavate below the foundation of the old wall, andordinarily the old wall is sustained by braces,

ing, or supports, as ordinarily employed,

obstruct the execution of the work in hand,

and materially interfere with the occupancy or use of the old or alreadyerected building for business or other purposes.

tions of a large city, where space is a matter of importance, and whereit is very desirable to repair a building or erect an adjoining buildingwithout interfering with the occupancy or use of the old oralready-erected building or other structure. This I accomplisheconomically and with facility in the following manner: 7

After determining the number of columns necessary to produce in the bestmanner the subbase or subfoundation or support for the old wall of abuilding or other structure, I construct in the outer side of the oldwall a number of horizontally arranged recesses 2, corresponding innumber to the number of columns which is to constitute the subbase orsubfoundation, and from these horizontally-arranged recesses I cut, orotherwise suitably produce, the vertical or perpendicular recesses 3. Ifthe old wall is of brickwork, the recesses referred to can be easilyproduced by simply removing some of the masonry. If the old wall be ofstonework, the recesses may be cut into the stonework, or, ifpracticable, some parts of the stonework may be removed for the purposestated. In each horizontally-arranged recess 2 is ar- Fig. 4 is avertical sectional View, and Fig. 5 is a detail vertical This is veryobjectionable, particularly in business porranged a beam or beams 4,which may be an I-beam, of metal, or a beam of any suitable material,and of any desired form in crosssection. A hydraulic or other powerfuljack is arranged vertically in one of the recesses, so that the ram ofthe jack bears against the beam 4 of this recess. The hydraulic jack, ina perpendicular position, is employed to drive the columnsperpendicularly into the earth until these columns reach bed-rock orother firm substrata or solid foundation, an important feature beingthat the superincumbent weight of the old wall ofiers the recolumns.

The columns are preferably composed of iron, but they may be made of anymetal or material suitable for the purpose in hand, and each is composedof a plurality of sections, as, for instance, the sections 5, 6, 7 8,and 9. Commencing, for example, with the first section 9, it is placedunder and in aline ment with the jack, and the latter is then operatedto drive this section perpendicularly into the earth. The next section,asat 8, is then attached to the upper end of the section 9, and thesecond section is operated upon by the jack, so that it, with the othersection 9, is driven perpendicularly into the earth, and this operationis proceeded'with until the number of sections constituting the columnare driven into the earth to the depth necessary to reach bed-rock, orother firm strata. During this order of procedure the superincumbentweightof the buildingwall resists the pressure of the jack and enablesthe latter to exert a powerful pressure in driving the column-sectionsdownward in the manner stated. After the number of sections necessary toconstitute the desired length of column has been forced into the earth,the hydraulic jack is removed, and a beam 10 is placed upon the upperend of the column, and the recess 3 is filled up with brickwork, as at12, or other material, to fill in the recess and make a practicablyintegral part of the wall, which filling extends from the beam 10 to thebeam 4:. The beams 4 and 10, and intermediate filling 12, constitute apressure-resisting connection between the upper end of the column andthe base of the old wall, and this pressure resi'sting connection ormedium is, in eifect, built into and forms a part of the old wall, sothat, when a plurality of columns are driven into the earth andconnected with the wall in the manner above explained, a permanentsubbase or subfoundation is provided which will firmly and safelysupport the wall of the old or already-erected building or structurewhile excavatirmsare being made below the original foundation of the oldwall for the purpose of constructing a foundation for a proposed newbuilding adjoining or next to the old building, or for any otherpurpose.

It is unnecessary to explain in detail the sinking of each column,because the description above given of the manner of driving one 'columnand connecting its upper end with the base of the wall of the oldbuilding or other structure is sufficient to enable those skilled in theart to understand the manner of sinking all the columns and connectingthem with the wall.

It will be obvious that two columns can be driven simultaneously by theemployment of two jacks arranged, respectively, in two of the recesses3, and in fact any number of columns could be driven at the same time.It is possible to employ an ordinary water or water and air jet to aidin sinking the columns, as is usually practiced in sinking cylindricalbodies, as, for instance, in sinking caissons in preparing foundationsfor bridges, piers, and the like.

The sections composing each column are made in the form of cylinders,pipes, or tubes, and preferably they are circular in cross-section. Thisconstruction renders it possible to use the water-jet to aid in sinkingthe columns, and after the columns have been sunk to the desired depth,if the earth contained within the tubular columns is removed, thesecolumns may be reinforced by filling them with concrete, cement,masonry, or other filling material, but this is not indispensable.

In the operation of driving or sinking the column-sections, after theplunger or ram of the jack has reached thelimit of its outstroke,blocking and jacking are resorted to until a column-section is drivensuch distance that there is a space sufficient to insert anothercolumn-section, which can be connected with the previously-drivensection, and then in turn be driven in the same manner as thefirstmentioned section, and so on for any number of sections which it isnecessary to drive into the earth for the purpose of reaching thedesired depth. When the columnsections have been driven to secure therequired length of supporting-column, it will appear as shown in Fig. 2.

The provision of the horizontally-arranged beams is important, in thatthey render it possible for the superincumbent weight of the building toserve as a fulcrum or resistance for the jack without any dangerwhatever of cracking, splitting, or otherwise rupturing the old oralready-erected wall; and, further, when the pressure-resistingconnections between the wall and the columns are completed, thehorizontally-arranged beams distribute the weight and secure the bestresults, whereby my improved system of under-' pinning is renderedadvantageous, the erection of the subbase or subfoundation is greatlyfacilitated, the inconvenience attending the ordinary methods of shoringand underpinning is avoided, and the cost is reduced, in that thesubbase or subfoundation can be constructed and the foundation for anadjoining building laid or erected without obstructing or interferingwiththe occupancy or use of the old or already-erected building forbusiness or other purposes.

In Fig. 1 the filling built into the vertical recess 3 is or may be ofbrickwork; but in the modification Fig. 2 the filling is composed ofaplurality of vertically-arranged beams 15, which may be of wood, iron,or

steel; while in the modification Fig. 3 the filling is, or may be,composed of stonework laid to break joints. As regards the filling,however, I do not wish .to be understood as confining myself toanyparticular material or substance, as this may be changed or varied tosuit the conditions required, according to the nature of the building orthe work in hand.

In the modification Fig. 5 there is represented two rows ofsupporting-columns,which arrangement is desirable where an unusuallyheavy or large building-wall is to be supported. The rows may beincreased to any extent desired or necessary to secure a safe subbase orsubfoundation.

The number of columns driven into the earth to reach bed-rock or othersubstrata will depend on circumstances, and therefore I I wish itunderstood that the number of columns may be increased or diminished toany desired extent.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is-- 1. The methodherein described of constructing a subbase or foundation for abuilding-wall, or other structure, which consists in arranging ahydraulic jack in engagement with the base portion of the wall, andsuccessively driving column-sections perpendicularly into the earthuntil a column is formed which reaches bed-rock, or other firmsubstrata, then removing the jack, andsubsequently forming apressure-resisting connec tion between the upper end of the column andthe base portion of the wall, substantially as set forth. 7

2. The combination with a building-wall, or other structure, of beamsinserted into the wall,hydraulic jacks acting against the beams, andcolumn-sections alined with the jacks and driven by the latter into theearth until bedrock, or other firm substrata, is reached, said wallconstituting a resistance to the jacks while they are driving thecolumn-sections perpendicularly into the earth, substantially asdescribed.

3. The combination with a building-wall, or other structure, of beamsinserted into the lower portion of the wall, perpendicular columnsdriven into the earth under the wall, beams arranged on the upper endsof the columns, and a filling interposed between the beams on thecolumns and the beams inserted into the wall, substantially asdescribed.

4:. The combination with a building-wall, or other structure, havinghorizontally and vertically arranged recesses in its base portion, ofperpendicular columns driven into the earth under the recessed portionof the Wall, beams arranged on the upper ends of the columns, beamsarranged in the horizontal recesses of the Wall, and fillings insertedinto the vertical recesses of the Wall between the beams on the columnsand the beams in the horizontal recesses, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing wit- :0 nesses.

J ULES BREUCHAUD.

' YVitnesses:

CHARLES L. MALCOLM, J. KENNARD THOMSON.

